Nigute dushobora gukina uruhare rwibishushanyo mbonera bya stade, dukeneye gusobanukirwa ibipimo ngenderwaho byihariye nibisabwa mugushushanya amatara.Harimo kumurika, ubushyuhe bwamabara, gutanga amabara, kugenzura urumuri, nibindi, bigomba gusuzumwa neza no kubishyira mubikorwa.
Ibisabwa
Dufashe ikibuga cyumupira wamaguru, nkurikije inyandiko ya 83 y’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya siporo, hasabwa kumurikirwa ibibuga ndetse n’amabwiriza ari muri "Lighting Design Standards for Building Building" GBJ133-90, urwego rwacu rwo kumurika ibibuga by’umupira bigomba guhura ibisabwa bikurikira:
1. Dufashe urugero rwo kumurika ikibuga cyumupira wamaguru nkurugero, ukurikije ingingo ya 2.2.9-1 y "" Ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana inyubako zubatswe "GBJ133-90: agaciro gasanzwe ko kumurika kumikino yumupira wamaguru: iyo intera yo kureba ari 120m, kumurika bigomba kugera kuri 150 ~ 200 ～ 300lx;iyo intera yo kureba ari 160m, kumurika bigomba kugera kuri 200 ～ 300 ～ 500lx;iyo intera yo kureba ari 200m, agaciro ka illuminance gasabwa kuba 300 ～ 500 ～ 750lx.Intera yo kureba yerekana intera kuva kumurongo wanyuma wa auditorium kugera kuruhande rwaho.
2. Kubiganiro byogutambuka kuri porogaramu za siporo, hagomba no gutekerezwa kumurika rya tereviziyo ya tereviziyo.Dukurikije ingingo ya 2.2.9-2 y "" Ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana inyubako zubatswe "GBJ133-90, itara rya vertical risabwa kugirango tereviziyo ya televiziyo: intera ntarengwa yo kurasa igabanijwe mu matsinda atatu:
a.Kubirori byumupira wamaguru, iyo intera ntarengwa yo kurasa ari 25m, impuzandengo yo kumurika ihagaze igomba kugera kuri 750lx;
b.Iyo intera ntarengwa yo kurasa ari 75m, impuzandengo ya vertical yamurika irasabwa kugera kuri 1000lx;
c.Iyo intera ntarengwa yo kurasa ari 150m, impuzandengo ya verticale yamurika irasabwa kugera kurwego rwa 1500lx.
Muri byo, kubera ko stade nyinshi zisangiye ahazabera umupira wamaguru no gusiganwa ku maguru, hasabwa ibindi byangombwa bisabwa mu birori byo gusiganwa ku maguru: iyo intera ntarengwa yo kurasa ari 25m, impuzandengo ya vertical verticale isabwa kugera kuri 500lx;iyo intera ntarengwa yo kurasa ari 75m, impuzandengo yo kumurika ihagaritse Kumurika birasabwa kugera kuri 750lx;iyo intera ntarengwa yo kurasa ari 150m, impuzandengo ya vertical illuminance irasabwa kugera kuri 1000lx.
Icyitonderwa: Ibisabwa bya vertical illuminance byavuzwe haruguru bikoreshwa murwego rwimikino runaka hamwe nagaciro kerekana intera nziza yo kurasa ugereranije nindege ya 1.0m ihagaritse, kandi agaciro kari hagati ya buri rumuri kirakoreshwa.ahandi hantu harasa.
3. Kumurika hejuru bivuga impuzandengo yanyuma ya stade.Mugihe dukora igishushanyo mbonera, dukeneye kongeramo coefficente yo kubungabunga, mubisanzwe agaciro ka coefficient hagati ya 0.7 na 0.8.
4. Uburinganire bwumucyo utambitse: uburinganire bwumucyo bugaragazwa nuburinganire bwumucyo ntarengwa na kumurika ntarengwa, kandi birashobora no kugaragazwa nikigereranyo cyumucyo ntarengwa kumurika.Ikigereranyo cyumucyo ntarengwa kumurika ntarengwa kigomba kuba hejuru ya 0.5.Byongeye kandi, dukeneye kandi kwitondera vertical veruminance uburinganire bwikibanza: igipimo cyumucyo ntarengwa kumurika ntarengwa kigomba kuba kirenze 0.4 kugirango cyuzuze ibisabwa na kamera nkuru ya TV.
Kumurika ubuziranenge
1. Kugenzura urumuri
Kuberako ikibuga cya stade ari kinini, hariho amatsinda menshi yitabiriye, harimo abakinnyi nabasifuzi, kimwe nababareba, ibibazo byumurima, nibindi. Kubwibyo, mugihe dushushanya amatara ya stade, tugomba kwitondera kugenzura urumuri muri buri mwanya.Muri ubu buryo, ingaruka nziza yo kumurika irashobora kugerwaho, abakinnyi barashobora gukina neza urwego rwabo rwo guhatanira, kandi mugihe kimwe, abarebera barashobora kubona byimazeyo amakuru yumukino.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na CIE NO.83 "Imikino yo Kumurika Kumurongo wa sisitemu ya TV", icyerekezo kinini cyerekana urumuri GRmax mu murima kigomba kuba munsi ya 50. Iyo igipimo cyerekana urumuri GR, niko kugenzura neza urumuri, hamwe n’urumuri rwa 50. Urutonde rwa glare GR rushobora kubarwa ukoresheje formula ikurikira:
GR = 27 + 24.Byombi bigomba gufatwa ukundi.Iyo tubara kumurika ryahantu, tugomba kwibuka gufata indangagaciro zumucyo mubyerekezo bitandukanye.Gusa iyo igiciro cyagenwe GR <50, gahunda rusange nayo irashobora gukora.
Byumvikane ko, hariho inzira nyinshi zo kugabanya urumuri, nko guhitamo ubwoko bwamatara bwumvikana, guhindura uburebure bwo kwishyiriraho, inguni, no gutunganya amatara, kandi urashobora kandi "kugabanya" urumuri ukamurika inyuma yikibuga.
2. Itara ryumucyo wibara ryubushyuhe hamwe nibisanzwe bitanga amabara
Kugirango tugere ku kureba neza no gutangaza amakuru kuri TV, ubwiza bwamatara ya stade ntabwo ari ukumurika gusa, ahubwo nubushyuhe bwamabara no gutanga amabara.Iyo kumurika bigeze kurwego, birashobora gusa kutwemerera "kubona neza", kandi mugihe ubushyuhe bwamabara hamwe no gutanga amabara bihuye nibisanzwe, birashobora kutwemerera "kubona neza".
Nkurikije ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 3.3.2 y’igihugu cyanjye "Ibipimo byerekana urumuri ku nyubako z’abaturage" GBJ133-90: Ku masoko rusange y’umucyo akoreshwa mu gutangaza amabara ya televiziyo, indangagaciro yo gutanga amabara Ra ntigomba kuba munsi ya 65. Byongeye kandi, nk'uko kuri CIE NO.83 itangazwa hamwe nibisabwa na FIFA, ubushyuhe bwamabara yumucyo Tc irenze 5000K, naho indangagaciro yo gutanga amabara irarenze cyangwa ingana na 80. Nukuvuga ko, mugushushanya kumurika stade, the ubushyuhe bwamabara yinkomoko yumucyo bugomba kuba hejuru ya 5000K, naho ubushyuhe bwamabara bugomba kuba byibuze Ra> 65.
3. Icyerekezo cyumucyo
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, kugenzura urumuri bifite byinshi byo gukora bijyanye nicyerekezo cyamatara.Ariko icyarimwe, inguni yo kwiheba y itara irashobora kandi guhindura urumuri rumuri.Kubwibyo, mugihe dushushanya amatara ya stade, birakenewe kugenzura icyerekezo cyo kumurika amatara.Byongeye kandi, igipimo cya kamera nkuru n’umucyo uturuka hakurya bigomba kugenzurwa mu ntera runaka, kandi agace kamurika imvugo karacyari hagati yurukiko.
Amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gucana kuri stade ni amashanyarazi yubucuruzi, kandi ingufu za stade zose ni nini cyane.Umushinga w'amashanyarazi kumunsi urashobora rimwe na rimwe kugura amafaranga ibihumbi byinshi.Kubwibyo, ibibazo byo kuzigama ingufu bigomba gusuzumwa mugushushanya amatara.
Kugirango uzigame ingufu, icyo uruganda rukora amatara rushobora gukora ni ugushiraho gahunda yumucyo yumvikana, guhitamo luminaire neza, kugabanya igihombo cyumurongo, no gukora sisitemu nziza yo kugenzura amatara.
Mugihe duhisemo kumurika kumashuri makuru na kaminuza, tugomba gushyiraho uburyo bushyize mu gaciro, uburyo bwinshi bwo guhinduranya hamwe na gahunda yo kugenzura kugirango duhindure neza siporo itandukanye.
Byongeye kandi, ibi bintu bigomba gusuzumwa neza mugitangira igishushanyo, bitabaye ibyo bizagorana kuvugurura nyuma.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-25-2022